The term “hardness” is generally defined as the resistance of a material to the intrusion of a harder body. Several test methods are used in the field of metals.
Mobile Ball Indentation Test to Brinell
The portable PZ3 tester is available for determining the ball indentation hardness to ISO 2039-1 of materials and components that cannot be tested in a laboratory. A ball-shaped indentor is pressed with constant test load into the material under test. The indentation depth under load is the determining parameter for the hardness value. | |
Rockwell Hardness Test
DIN EN ISO 6508 and the ASTM E 18 stipulate various Rockwell hardness scales (HRA, HRB, HRC through HRK) for testing metals. In contrast to ball indentation hardness, where the indentation depth under load is measured, the indentation depth in the Rockwell processes is measured in each case for a defined preload. Different indentors (diamond, balls of different diameters) are available corresponding to the different Rockwell scales. | |
Brinell Hardness Test
DIN EN ISO 6506 and the ASTM E 10 stipulate various Brinell hardness scales for testing metals. In contrast to Rockwell hardness, where the indentation depth is measured, the Brinell hardness is calculated based on the average diameter of the indentation. Different indentors are available corresponding to the different scales. This testing method is particularly common for cast parts or metal parts with rough surfaces. | |
Vickers Hardness Test
In Vickers hardness testing to ISO 6507 or ASTM E 384, similar to Brinell testing, the diagonal measurement of indentations formed by pyramid-shaped indentors is used in determining the hardness. This process can also be automated using diverse optical systems. | |
Martens Hardness (Universal Hardness) Test
Martens hardness testing (formerly known as universal hardness) allows hardness specific results to be determined from the measurement of an indentor’s indentation depth independent of the material (ISO 14577).
In addition to these hardness values, other parameters can be determined, thereby providing insight, for example, into the creep behavior of the materials. | |
Universal Hardness Test
So-called universal hardness testers allow the combined execution of classic hardness tests: Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell. | |
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